Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Daun meniran |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Meniran | |
| Other names | P. niruri in Mollucas: gosau ma dungi (Ternate) and P. urinaria: gosau ma dungi roriha (Ternate) [201] | |
| Original plant name | Phyllanthus niruri Linn. or Phyllanthus urinaria Linn. | |
| Family name | Euphorbiaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | leaf |
| Collection information | Republic of Indonesia, Jual Rupa 2 Bahan Jamu | |
| Collection date | 1997/11/20 | |
| Collector | Seiichi Yamaji, et al. | |
| Identifier | Mangestuti Agil | |
| TMPW No. | 17601 | |
Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Indonesian name, English name | Meniran | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| crude drug image |
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| Original plant name | Phyllanthus niruri Linn., or Phyllanthus urinaria Linn. | |||||
| Family name | Euphorbiaceae | |||||
| Used part | Whole plant | |||||
| Distribution area | It occurs throughout the Malaysian region. In Indonesia it grows in humid places, open ground, grassy scrub, roadsides, thickets up to 1500 m altitude [201, 205]. | |||||
| Description | - Phyllanthus niruri: The plant is a herb up to 60 cm tall, glabrous with phyllanthoid branching; deciduous branchlets with about 15-30 leaves; leaves sub-sessile,elliptical oblong, obtuse to rounded at base, obtuse or rounded and often apiculate at apex. Flowers pale green, often flushed with red; fruit an oblate capsule, obtusely trigonous, smooth; seeds longitudinally ribbed on the back [205]. - Phyllanthus urinaria: The plant is a herb up to 80 cm tall with phyllanthoid branching, deciduous branchlets with 10-42 leaves; leaves oblong or elliptical-oblong to elliptical-obovate, obtuse to rounded and sometimes slightly unequal at base, apex rounded to obtuse and often apiculate. Male flowers with 6 calyx lobes; female flowers subsessile, calyx lobes 6. Fruit a globular capsule, usually rugose; seeds with sharp transverse ridges on the back and sides [205]. | |||||
| Drug effect | Tasteless, neutralizing [231]. | |||||
| Specific actions | Diuretic [201]. | |||||
| Frequency in use | Moderate | |||||
| Side effect | The latex of many members of the Euphorbiaceae is known for its toxicity. It can cause inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes, conjunctivitis and blindness [205]. | |||||
| Pharmacological effect | Both species inhibit DNA polymerase or the hepatitis virus B and other hepatitis-DNA-viruses [205]. Phyllanthus niruri showed antibacterial and antifungal activity. The whole plant extract reduce digestive tract motility, delay gastric emptying in rats, and cause relaxation of isolated rat fundus and ileum. It also has diuretic, hypotensive and hypoglycaemic effects in humans [205]. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin have protective activity in rat hepatocytes against cytotoxicity induced carbon tetrachloride and galactosamine. It is also reported that phyllathin is toxic to the nervous system and liver [205]. The hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus urinaria has analgesic effect against formalin-induced and capsaicin-induced pain in mice. The methanol extract showed hypoglycaemic activity in rats [205]. An aqueous extract of the plant Phyllanthus niruri has been shown to inhibit the endogenous DNA polymerase of hepatitis B virus and binds to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus in vitro. It also inhibits woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA polymerase and binds to the surface antigen of WHV in vitro. The extract, nontoxic to mice, was tested for antiviral activity in woodchucks (Marmota monax) [PMID: 304186]. | |||||
| Medical system | Indonesian medicine (Jamu) | |||||
| Traditional usage | Both Phyllanthus niruri and P. urinaria are used for the same medicinal purposes with the main usage as a diuretic. Phyllanthus urinaria is also used together with Achyranthes aspera Linn. To make a decoction and applied for curing epilepsy and convulsions (especially accompanying children’s fever). P. urinaria is also used as an emmenagogue [201]. The decoction with Centella asiatica is used to treat colic in the abdomen and also expel kidney stones [201]. The decoction or tea is used as a diuretic to treat kidney stones; also used to treat colic, fever, spleen disorders, venereal diseases, irregular menstruation. Together with fennel, Acorus calamus rhizome, Zingiber purpureum rhizome and rice (red variety), a decoction or a poultice is made to be drunk and applied on the abdomen for severe diarrhea. It is also drunk to cure kidney stones. The root is chewed with Acorus calamus to cure toothache. A mixture of leaves with rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza is used to cure fever. It was also misused as an abortivum. There was an information that excessive use could caused impotency. The roots of P. niruri, together with flowers of Ocimum basilicum and ginger are steeped in hot water to make a tea for whooping cough in children. A mixture with turmeric is used as a diuretic [201]. | |||||
| Formulation | 1) Bloody urine/hematuria: 9 fresh aboveground parts of meniran, 3 pieces of Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome, 6 pieces of Luffa cylindrica are mixed and boiled with 110 ml of water. Stand to cool and strain. Drink 100 ml of the decoction once a day for 3 days [231]. 2) For promoting urination: 5 fresh aboveground parts of meniran, 15 pieces of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves are mixed and boiled with 110 ml of water. Stand to cool and strain. Drink 100 ml of the decoction once a day [231]. 3) For boosting immune system: One handful of dried parts of meniran (a mixture of roots, stem and leaves) is pounded to make fine powder and boils with 2 glasses of water to make 1/2 glass of decoction. Drink the decoction once a day every day. | |||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [201] K. Heyne, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Vols. 1-4, 1987. Diedarkan Oleh Koperasi Karyawan Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta, Indonesia. Vol. 2, pp 1138-1140. [205] de Pdua, L.S., Bunyapraphatsara, N. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors), 1990. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 12 (1). Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands. pp 381- 392. [231] Soedibyo, Mooryati: Alam Sumber Kesehatan: Manfaat dan Kegunaan (Natural resources for health. Benefits and uses). Balai Pustaka. 1998. pp 263-264. | ||||
| Research paper | 1. Sedan R, Bourhis A, Sarrazin C, Barre E, Lazorthes Y, Sarramon JP, Lagarrigue J, Leandri P. Long term results of electric stimulation of the conus medullaris in a case of neurogenic bladder. Neurochirurgie, 15;23(1):47-54, 1977. (PMID: 304186) | |||||
| Remarks | Meniran and memeniran is the local name of 2 species of Phyllanthus sp. (P. niruri and P. urinaria). | |||||
| Last renewal date | 2024/03/11 | |||||
