Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market namePeriyayelakay
Formal nameBhadrela
Other names　　　

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Baraelayechi (T), Borilachi (B), Baraelayechi (H), Doddaelakkay (K), Valiya elattari (M), Pedda yelakayulu (Te), Periya elakkayi (Ta), Patrela (Ti), Alainci (N)
English nameGreater Cardamom, Nepal Cardamom
Original plant nameAmomum subulatum Roxb., Greater Cardamom, Nepal Cardamom
Family nameZingiberaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification fruit
Collection informationIndia, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, K. RAMASWAMY CHETIY
Collection date2000/12/09
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
TMPW No.20512

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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13.0826802
80.27071840000008
Collection information
India,Chennai, Tamil Nadu
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Bhadrela, Greater Cardamom, Nepal Cardamom
SynonymsBrhadela, Sthulaila, Sugandhika, Tridiva, Tridivodbhuta, Prthvika, Kanyaka, Puta, Bahula, Candrabala, Niskuti, Surabhitvak, Mahaila, Kanya, Kumarika, Indri, Kayastha, Goputa, Kantha, Ghrtaci, Garbhasambhava, Indrani, Divyagandha
crude drug image
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Original plant nameAmomum subulatum Roxb.
Family nameZingiberaceae
Used partSeeds
Distribution areaCultivated in swampy places along the sides of mountain streams in Nepal, Bengal, Sikkim, Assam and Eastern Himalayas.
RemarksUnder cultivation only.
Common usesFruits of Bhadrela are used in drugs prescribed in indigestion, vomiting, biliousness and stomatitis. Seeds are credited with stomachic, stimulant, alexipharmic and astringent properties and are prescribed for the treatment of indigestion, vomiting, biliousness, abdominal pains and rectal diseases. Seeds promote elimination of bile and are useful in congestion of liver. In large doses (30 grains) with quinine, they are useful in neuralgia. They are also used in gonorrhoea/gonorrhea. The pericarp is used in headache. Seeds' decoction is used as a gargle in affections of teeth and gum, congestion of liver and abdominal pain. Oil from the seeds is aromatic, stimulant, stomachic and is applied to eyelids to cure inflammation. With melon seeds they are used as a diuretic in cases of gravel of the kidneys.
Therapeutic usesAsyavairasya (distaste in the mouth), Pittasra (bleeding disorders), Kandu (itching), Svasa (respiratory diseases), Trt (thirst), Hrllasa (feeling of melting of heart), Visa (poison), Vasti (urinary disorders), Siroruk (headache), Asyaruk (pain in the mouth), Vami (vomiting), Kasa (cough), Vrana (wounds)
Chemical constituentMonoterpenoids
1,8-Cineole (*C1), alpha-Terpineol (*C1), alpha-Pinene (*C1), beta-Pinene (*C1), allo-Aromadendrene (*C1)

Phenol derivatives
Protocatechualdehyde (*C2), Protocatechuic acid (*C2), 1,7-Bis(3,4-dihydrophenyl)hepta-4E,6E-dien-3-one (*C2), 2,3,7-Trihydroxy-5-(3,4-dihydroxy-E-styryl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocycloheptene (*C2)

Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Katu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Ruksa (Dry), Laghu (Light), Tiksna (Sharp)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Dipani (increasing digestive fire), Pacana (digestive), Garbhavisodhana (post-partum purificant), Mukhamastakasodhini (clearing mouth and head)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha, Pitta
Mala
(Action on excretory mechanism)		Recana (Laxative)
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Vasti (bladder), Sira (head), Asya (mouth)
Traditional usage1. Harenuka (Amomum subulatum) and Pippali (Piper longum) in equal parts should be taken with curd for cough.

2. Harenuka pounded with the juice of flowers of Amra (mango) and Jambu (Syzygium cumini) mixed with honey and ghee should be used as collyrium in cases of day and night blindness.

3. Harenuka is included in Agurvadya taila (a formulation) efficacious in fever with cold.

4. Decoction of Pippali, Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus), Draksa (grapes), Satapuspa (Anethum sowa), Harenuka mixed with jaggery alleviates fever causes by Vata.

5. Harenuka is one of the ingredients of Mahakalyanaka ghrta (a formulation) used for insanity.
FormulationAgurvadya taila, Mahakalyanaka ghrta, Trsahara curna.
CommentsSynonyms like Brhadela, Sthulaila, Mahaila all these refer to the bigger nature of it compared to Ela (Eleteria cardamomum). Sugandhika, Surabhitvak, Divyagandha refer to the strong odour.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 1 (Repr.1996), pp 128-131.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 16.

Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
p 280.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
116.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 729-730.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 412.

Research paper*C1 Gurudutt, K. N., Naik, J. P., Srinivas, P. and Ravindranath, B.; Flavour Fragrance J., 11, 7-9 (1996).
*C2 Kikuzaki, H., Kawai, Y. and Nakatani, N.; J. Nutri. Sci. Vita., 47, 167-71 (2001).
Last renewal date2023/11/16
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