Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameKaran
Formal nameDraksa
Other names　　　

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Munnakka (T), Maneka (B), Munnakka (H), Drakshi hannu (K), Muntiringa pazham (M), Draaaksh pandu (Te), Dirakshai pazham (Ta), Rgunbrum (Ti), Muddraspalam (Sin), Sanu dakh, Kishmis, Dakh, Angur (N)
English nameBlackbloom Raisins
Original plant nameVitis vinifera Linn., Blackbloom Raisins
Family nameVitaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification fruit
Collection informationIndia, New Delhi, Hans Raj & Sons
Collection date1991/05/07
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
TMPW No.12058

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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28.6139391
77.20902120000005
Collection information
India,New Delhi
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Draksa, Blackbloom Raisins
SynonymsMadhuphala, Caruphala, Kanksamalika, Krsna, Kasmiri, Rasala, Tapasadayita, Priyala, Mrdvika, Svaduphala, Madhuyoni, Svadupakarasa, Gostanika, Phalamukhya, Kapitta, Uttarapathika, Madhurasa, Harahura, Gucchaphala, Amrtaphala, Brmhani, Madhusambhava, Guda, Vrsya, Para, Kasmirika
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Original plant nameVitis vinifera Linn.
Family nameVitaceae
Used partFruits
Distribution areaCultivated throughout India.
RemarksCommonly cultivated.
Common usesFresh grapes are considered laxative, stomachic, diuretic, demulcent and cooling. Raisins are also demulcent, laxative, expectorant and cooling. Used in making medicinal wines and as an ingredient of a variety of health tonics. Grapes, both fresh and dried have varied uses in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine. Juice of unripe berries used as an astringent in throat affections. Berries are a rich source of thiamine and ascorbic acid and considered good for hepatic and renal ailments in the Ayurvedic system.
Therapeutic usesTiktasyata (bitter taste in the mouth), Madatyaya (alcoholic intoxication), Trsna (thirst), Kasa (cough), Jvara (fever), Svasa (respiratory disorders), Svarabheda (impaired voice), Ksata (chest injury), Ksaya (emaciation), Vata (rheumatic disorders), Vatasra (arthritic conditions), Kamala (jaundice), Asrapitta (bleeding disorders), Krcchra (urinary disorders), Sammoha (loss of consciousness), Daha (burning), Sosa (weakening), Bhrama (mental stability), Sopha (oedema), Adhmana (abdominal distension), Vanti (vomiting)
Chemical constituentOthers
Vines contain: alcohol (8-24%), catechins, anthocyanogenic tannins, oxalic, malic, tartaric and racemic acids. The berries contain - vitamins, enzymes, carbohydrates, nitrogen compounds, organic acids, phenolic compounds, wax and lipids.

Pharmacological effectCatechins and anthocyanogenic tannins show biflavanoid activity; red wines show antibacterial properties. Procyanidins from grape seeds have pharmacological effects in arteriosclerosis and radical scavenging ability.

Raisins are used along with Adhatoda vasica leaf extract in the cure of idiopathic thrombo-cytopenic purpura which is characterized by a greatly diminished platelets count and prolonged bleeding time.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Madhura (Sweet), Kasaya (Astringent)
Virya (Potency)Sita (Cold)
Guna (Quality)Snigdha (Unctuous), Guru (Heavy), Mrdu (Soft)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Madhura (Sweet)
Karma
(General action)		Vrsya (increasing sexual potency), Kosthamarutakrt (increasing vata in abdomen), Pustikara (nourishing), Ruciprada (increasing appetite), Madaharsini (intoxicating), Balya　(increasing strength), Brmhana　(increasing body mass)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Vata Pitta, increases Kapha
Dhatukarma(Action
on body tissues)		Asra (blood)
Mala
(Action on excretory mechanism)		Srsta mutra vit (laxative, diuretic), Anulomana (making downward movement of vayu)
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Caksusya (good for eyes), Hrdya (good for heart)
Traditional usage1. Oil, ghee and Draksa (Raisins) are cooked in equal quantity. This is good for jaundice, intestinal tumours/tumors, anaemic/anemic conditions, fever, diabetic types and ascites.

2. Juice of Draksa is good for pacifying Vata and Pitta.

3. Draksa juice along with honey is good for abdominal pain in pregnant women.

4. Juice of Draksa and Amalaka (Phyllanthus emblica) should be given which acts as a purgative.

5. In case of excessive thirst and burning sensation in fever, one should use decoction of Draksa and Aragvadha (Cassia fistula) or Kasmari (Gmelina arborea) alone or other sweet, bitter, astringent drugs cooled and added with sugar.

6. Paste of jaggery and Dadima (Punica granatum) or Draksa and Dadima should be kept in mouth. It removes dryness and abnormal taste in fever.

7. Tongue should be pasted with Draksa pounded with honey and mixed with ghee. It makes tongue smooth and moist in fever.

8. Paste of Draksa and Amalaka mixed with ghee should be anointed inside the mouth. It removes dryness of the palate and throat, promotes normal taste and relish in fever.

9. Gargle the paste of Draksa and Amalaka or ripe Dadima seeds alone or with paste of Dhanyaka (coriander) is beneficial for fever.

10. Juice of Draksa should be used as snuff and put within nostrils in intrinsic haemorrhage/hemorrhage.

11. Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) taken with Draksa alleviates intrinsic haemorrhage, itching, Gulma (phantom tumour) caused by Pitta and chronic fever.

12. Ghee mixed with Kharjura (date), Draksa, jaggery and honey along with Pippali (Piper longum) removes hoarseness of voice, cough, dyspnoea/dyspnea and fever.

13. Linctus made of Draksa, Sarkara (Jaggery) and Pippali mixed with honey and oil alleviates consumption.

14. For cough, Draksa, Pippali and Sarkara (Jaggery) should be mixed with honey and taken.

15. In irritable bowels, fermented juice of Draksa, Iksu (sugarcane) and Kharjura should be taken.

16. For patients of anaemia and jaundice, water processed with Laghupancamula (a combination of five roots obtained from small/minor plants) or Juice of Draksa and Amalaka (Phyllanthus emblica) is useful in food and drink.

17. In constipation, person with soft bowel is given purgation by the intake of juice of Draksa.

18. For purgation in Gulma (phantom tumour) caused by Pitta one should take decoction of Draksa and Haritaki mixed with Jaggery mixed with honey.

19. Draksa heated on charcoal fire and mixed with the powder of salt and Marica (black pepper) controls giddiness.

20. One should take cold juice of grapes to check vomiting.

21. In retention of urine, milk boiled with Pancamula* (a group of five roots) or grape juice should be taken.

22. Intake of paste of seeds of Trapusa (Cucumis sativus), Kusumbha (Carthamus tinctorius) and Ervaru (Cucumis utilissimus) and Kumkuma (Crocus sativus) with Draksa juice alleviates all types of retention of urine.

23. In earache caused by Pitta, breast milk boiled with Draksa and Madhuka (liquorice) should be used for filling the ear.

Pancamula*: a group of five roots of Salaparni, Prsniparni, Brhati, Kantakari and Goksura. It is used for the treatment of all major fevers.
FormulationDraksadi kasayam, Draksaristam, Draksadi leham, Draksadi ghrtam, Draksasava.
CommentsThere are four varieties such as Draksa, Auttarapathika draksa, Kakali draksa and Laghu draksa according to Raja nighantu and few other classical texts. These names are given based on its size, shape, colour, place of occurrence. The Auttarapathika is longer and Laghu draksa is the seedless variety.

Different qualities are mentioned for different stages of ripening of fruits. The raw one is heavy, with fewer qualities, sour, increasing Pitta and rakta disorders.

Gostani draksa is Kapha Pitta pacifying and heavy. The seedless variety is similar to this in its qualities. The wild one (Parvataja) is sour and increasing Kapha Pitta.

Generally the blue or black variety (ripe as well as dried) is used in preparations.

Draksa is included in Snehopaga, Virecanopaga, Kasahara, Jvarahara groups by Caraka and Kakolyadi, Parusakadi groups by Susruta.

It is called Draksa because of its pleasant effect, Mrdvika owing to the unctuous nature, Gostani due to similarity in appearance to cow's udder.
ReferencesReference book　

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[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 5 (Repr.1997), p 396-403.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 257.

Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
p 222.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
1718.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 133-135.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 197.

RemarksRaisins are also used as one of the ingredients of Majoon-e-flasfa in the Unani system of medicine which invigorates the muscular function of the human body and increases the seminal flow and helps in the management of metabolic disorders.
Last renewal date2023/11/15
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