Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameMalkamni
Formal nameJyotismati
Other names　　　

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Maalkangani (T), Maalkangni, Kundgaidh, Sankhu (B), Maalkangni, Maalkamni, Kondgaidh, Sankhu (H), Kariganne (K), Cherupunnaari, Paluluvam (M), Bhavangi, Gundumeda, Palleru (Te), Manjakodi, Kaligam, Valuluvai (Ta), Dzotismati (Ti), Malkagunu (N)
English nameBlack Oil Plant, Climbing Staff Tree, Intellect Tree
Original plant nameCelastrus paniculatus Willd., Black Oil Plant, Climbing Staff Tree, Intellect Tree
Family nameCelastraceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification fruit
Collection informationIndia, New Delhi, Hari Gokal
Collection date1997/05/06
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
TMPW No.17414

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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28.6139391
77.20902120000005
Collection information
India,New Delhi
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Jyotismati, Black Oil Plant, Climbing Staff Tree, Intellect Tree
SynonymsPakvaraktaphala, Guccha, Pita taila, Vartula, Panktipatra, Raktabija, Anupuspa, Vanaja, Tejohva, Tejini, Tejavati, Asvaghna, Jyotiska, Valkalasita, Kakadani, Vyanga, Tejohva, Mahaujasi, Parijata, Suvarna, Kankuka, Kukundani, Svarnalata, Analaprabha, Jyotirlata, Supingala, Dipta, Medhya, Mathida, Durjara, Sarasvati.
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Original plant nameCelastrus paniculatus Willd.
Family nameCelastraceae
Used partSeeds, Bark, Leaves
Distribution areaAlmost throughout India upto 1800m altitude, and in the middle and south Andamans.
RemarksCommon.
Common usesSeeds are bitter, emetic, diaphoretic, febrifugal and nervine and are used for sharpening the memory; also used to treat sores, ulcers, rheumatism and gout. Seeds are taken as a tonic with sugar and ghee.
Oil from the seeds possesses the medicinal properties. It is used in scabies, rheumatic pains, wounds, eczema, beriberi and paralysis. As the chief ingredient of the drug, the oil showed good results in treating mental depression and gave excellent results in hysteria without any side reaction. Oil repels mosquitoes when applied to the body.
Therapeutic usesUdarapida (abdominal disorders), Vrana (wounds), Pandu (anaemic/anemic conditions), Visarpa (erysipelas)
Chemical constituentFatty acids
Lauric acid (*C7), Stearic acid (*C7), Oleic acid (*C7), Linoleic acid (*C7) Linolenic acid (*C7)

Sesquiterpenoids
1-eq,6-eq,8-eq,12-Tetraacetoxy-9-eq-benzoxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran (*C3), 1-eq,,8-eq,12-Triaacetoxy-9-ax-furancarboxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran (*C3), 1beta,9alpha-Dibenzoyloxy-4alpha-hydroxy-6alpha-acetoxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran (*C4), 1beta,6alpha-9alpha-Tribenzoyloxy-4alpha-hydroxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran (*C4), 2H-3,9a-Methano-1-benzoxepin-4,5,6,10-tetrol, octahydro-2,2,5a,9-tetramethyl-,6,10-diacetate 5-benzoate, [3R-(3alpha,4alpha,5alpha,5aalpha,6alpha,9alpha,9aalpha,10R*)] (*C5, *C10), 2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-6-(acetyloxy)-5,10-bis(benzoyloxy)octahydro-9-hydroxy-2,2,5a,9-tetramethyl-2H-3,9a-methano-1-benzoxepin-4-yl ester, [3R-[3alpha,4alpha(E),5alpha,5aalpha,6alpha,9beta,9aalpha,10R*]] (*C5, *C10), 3-Furancarboxylic acid, 6-(acetyloxy)-5-(benzoyloxy)octahydro-9-hydroxy-2,2,5a,9-tetramethyl-4-[(1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenyl)oxy]-2H-3,9a-methano-1-benzoxepin-10-yl ester, [3R-[3alpha,4alpha(E),5alpha,5aalpha,6alpha,9beta,9aalpha,10R*]] (*C5, *C10), 2H-3,9a-Methano-1-benzoxepin-5,6,9,10-tetrol, octahydro-2,2,5a,9-tetramethyl-10-acetate 5,6-dibenzoate, (*C8), 2H-3,9a-Methano-1-benzoxepin-5,6,9,10-tetrol, octahydro-2,2,5a,9-tetramethyl-,5,6,10-tribenzoate, (*C8), 3-Furancarboxylic acid, 6,10-bis(acetyloxy)-5a-[(acetyloxy)methyl]octahydro-9-hydroxy-2,2,9-trimethyl-2H-3,9a-methano-1-benzoxepin-4,5-diyl ester, [3R-(3alpha,4beta,5bata,5aalpha,6alpha,9beta,9aalpha,10r*] (*C9), 2H-3,9a-Methano-1-benzoxepin-4,5,6,10-tetrol, octahydro-2,2,5a,9-tetramethyl-4,6,10-triacetate 5-benzoate, [3R-(3alpha,4alpha,5alpha,5aalpha,6alpha,9alpha,9aalpha,10R*)] (*C9), 3-Furancarboxylic acid, 4,6,10-tris(acetyloxy)octahydro-2,2,5a,9-tetramethyl-2H-3,9a-methano-1-benzoxepin-5-yl ester, [3R-(3alpha,4alpha,5beta,5aalpha,6alpha,9alpha,9aalpha,10R*)] (*C11)

Triterpenoids
Pristimerin (*C1, *C2), Celastrol (*C2), Zeylasterone (*C2), Zeylasteral (*C2)

Others
4,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol (*C6)

Pharmacological effectAction of the oil as a powerful stimulant is followed in a few hours by diaphoresis, unattended by exhaustion. The oil showed tranquilizing effect and hastened the process of learning and memory in the experimental animals. It produces fall in blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs, depresses the heart of frog and is found to be toxic to rats. The drug is used in the Traditional Medicine as a tranquilo-sedative. The reported constituents are Mal III A, Mal III B, triterpenoids zeylasterone and seylasteral. The pharmacological properties reported are tranquilizer sedation, hypothermia and anticonvulsant activity. The drug administered to rats showed lowering of leptazol toxicity, motor activity and amphetamine toxicity and raising of the capacity for learning process etc. A herbal extract of the crude drug was tested for it's adaptogenic properties on mice. It showed significant CNS depressant effect and clear synergism with phentobarbital.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Kasaya (Astringent), Katu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Tiksna (Sharp), Snigdha (Unctuous)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Prabhava
(Special action)		Medhya (improving intellect)
Karma
(General action)		Medhya (good for intellect), Vamini (induces vomiting), Sumohini (causing mental confusion), Vahniprada (increases digestive fire), Pustikari (nourishing), Varnya (improving complexion)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha Vata
Mala
(Action on excretory mechanism)		Sara (llaxative)
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Aksi (eye), Jihva (tongue), Asya (mouth), Gala (throat)
Traditional usage1. Oil of Jyotismati (Celastrus paniculatus) fruits mixed with Svarjika (a type of alkali) and Hing (asafoetida) should be taken with milk.

2. Jyotismati, Langali (Gloriosa superba), Syama (Operculina turpethum), Danti (Baliospermum montanum), Tila (sesamum), Kustha (Saussurea lappa), Satahva (Anethum sowa), Durva (Cynadon dactylon), Tilvaka (Viburnum nervosum), Girikarnika (Clitoria ternatea), Kasisa (iron sulphate) and two types of Svarnaksiri (Argemone mexicana) - these constitute the wound cleansing group.

3. Jyotismati oil processed with water of Apamargaksara (alkali of Achyranthes aspera) decanted seven times. By massage it destroys Siddhma (a type of skin disease).

4. Java (hibiscus) flowers with sour gruel and fried Jyotismati leaves, by intake, induce menstruation.
FormulationJyotismati taila, Jyotismati kalpa, Karanjadi yoga.
CommentsOil is pungent, bitter, hot and good for Vata. Increases Pitta and good for intellect and higher mental functions.

According to Abhidhanamanjari, there is another variety called Katabhi which is also known as Lavangagnibhasa, Paravatapada, Svarnalata, Durmara. According to Bhavaprakasa also there are two varieties - Tejovati and Tumburu. Apart from this he also mentions Jyotismati.

Tejovati and Tumburu are often correlated to Xanthoxylon armatum.

Jyotismati is included in Sirovirecana group of Caraka and Adhobhagahara and Sirovirecana of Susruta.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 2 (Repr.1997), pp 47-51.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 56-57.

Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
p 252.

Indian Medicinal Plants (Second Edition), Vols. 1-5, 1993. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu. B.D., Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi
Vol. 1, pp 575-576.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
365.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, p 11-14.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 156.

Research paper*C1 Pavanand, K., Webster, H. K., Yongvanitchti, K., Kun-Anake, A., Dechatiwongsse, T., Nutakul, W. and Bansiddhi, J.; Phytother. Res., 3, 136-39 (1989).
*C2 Gamlath, C. B., Gunatilaka, A. A. L., Tezuka, Y., Kikuchi, T. and Balasubramaniam, S.; Phytochemistry, 29, 3189-92 (1990).
*C3 Hong, S., Hanqing, W., Yongqiang, T. and Yaozu, C.; Phytochemistry, 30, 1547-49 (1991).
*C4 Zhang, K., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Tu, Y., Jing, H., Huimin, H., Xiaofeng, H. and Jinsong, F.; Phytochemistry, 48, 1067-69 (1998).
*C5 Tu, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, X. and Hao, X.; Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao, 13, 1548-50 (1992).
*C6 Reisch, J., den hertog, H. J., Buese, E. and Kaiseling-Buddemeier, I.; Acta. Pharm. Turc., 35, 95-101 (1993).
*C7 Vajpai, K., Vajpai, S. K. and Shrivastava, D. K.; Orient. J. Chem., 14, 487-88 (1998).
*C8 Zhang, K., Huang, Y. and Chen, Y.; Huaxue Tongbao (6), 54-56 (1998).
*C9 Sang, H., Wang, H., Tu, Y. and Chen, Y.; Magn. Reson. Chem., 29, 650-55 (1991).
*C10 Tu, Y. Q., Chen, Y. Z., Wu, D. G., Zhang, x. M. and Hao, X. J.; J. Nat. Prod., 56, 122-25 (1993).
*C11 Tu, Y. Q., Wu, T. X., Li, Z. Z., Zhen, T. and Chen, Y. Z.; J. Nat. Prod., 54, 1383-86 (1991).
RemarksThe herb is one of the constituents of the commercial drug 'Geriforte' which is given in senile pruritus with encouraging response and it also has antistress properties. A paste of the root bark is applied on swollen veins.

The species is the source of the drug Jyotismati and hence over exploited in certain regions. It is recorded as a threatened plant in the forests of Rajasthan.
Last renewal date2023/12/21
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