Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Kadomkesari |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Kadamba | |
Other names Tips！ | Kadamba (T), Bol-kadam (B), Kadamba (H), Kadawala (K), Attu tek (M), Kadambamuchettu, Pedda kambo, Rudrakshakadamba (Te), Kolaoyila, Vellai-kadamban (Ta) | |
| English name | Wild Cinchona | |
| Original plant name | Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser (= Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.) (= Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich. ex Walp.) (= Anthocephalus indicus A. Rich.) (= Nauclea cadamba Roxb.), Wild Cinchona | |
| Family name | Rubiaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | inflorescence |
| Collection information | Kingdom of Nepal, Kathmandu | |
| Collection date | 1963/11/25 | |
| TMPW No. | 8445 | |
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Production area information
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Collection information
Kingdom of Nepal,Kathmandu
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Kadamba, Wild Cinchona | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Kutsitanga, Nipa, Bhramarabandhava, Kadambari, Vrttapuspa, Pravrsya, Satpadapriya, Hemapuspi, Pitapuspi, Kancanaraka, Priyaka, Halipriya, Surabhi, Lalanapriya, Sindhupuspa, Madadhya, Karnapuraka. | |||
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| Original plant name | Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser (= Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.) (= Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich. ex Walp.) (= Anthocephalus indicus A. Rich.) (= Nauclea cadamba Roxb.) | |||
| Family name | Rubiaceae | |||
| Used part | Bark and fruit | |||
| Distribution area | Found all over India and also cultivated. It is found in the sub-Himalayan tract from Nepal eastwards on the lower hills of Darjeeling terai in West Bengal where it is common; in Chota Nagpur (Bihar), Orissa and Andhra Pradesh, in Karnataka and Kerala on the West coast and the western ghats. | |||
| Remarks | Common. | |||
| Common uses | Stem bark is pungent, bitter, sweet, acrid, tonic, febrifuge, antidiuretic, saline, aphrodisiac, cooling, indigestible, galactagogue, astringent to the bowels, vulnerary and alexiteric. It is used in the treatment of uterine complaints, blood diseases, strangury, biliousness, burning sensation, cough and inflammation of the eye. Fruit is heating, aphrodisiac, causes biliousness when ripe. Ripe fruit is acidic and pleasantly flavoured, and is eaten, both raw and cooked, though suspected to have a bad effect on digestion. However, the fruit juice, along with cumin and sugar, is given to children in gastric irritability. Juice is given in fever with persistent thirst. Young leaves are slightly aromatic with unpleasant taste, whereas the older ones are odourless and sour. They are said to be nutritious, astringent and bitter; their decoction is reported to be used for gargling in aphthae or stomatitis. Sprouts are acrid, aphrodisiac, stomachic and are prescribed in leprosy and dysentery. | |||
| Therapeutic uses | Vrana (ulcers), Raktapitta (bleeding disorders), Atisara (diarrhoea/diarrhea), Mutrakrchra (dysuria), Daha (burning sensation), Yonidosa (female disorders), Arocaka (anorexia). | |||
| Chemical constituent | Others - On steam distillation, the flowers yield an essential oil (0.008%) with the following characteristics: sp gr30-degree, 0.9522; nD30-degree, 1.4754; [a]D-4-degree16'; acid val, 9.22; ester val, 58.88; ester val after acetylation, 163.72. - The oil contains linalool, 20.4; geraniol, 10.6; geranyl acetate, 9.6; linalyl acetate, 9.5; alpha-selinene, 8.4; 2-nonanol, 7.0; beta-phellandrene, 3.2; alpha-bergamottin, 3.2; p-cymol, 2.96; curcumene, 2.3; terpinolene, 0.99; camphene, 0.9; myrcene, 0.4; and unidentified compounds, 20.7%. Analysis of the leaves gave: dry matter, 30.0; crude protein, 21.3; hemicellulose, 13.8; lignin, 8.3; cellulose, 11.7; calcium, 2.72; phosphorus, 0.25; and silica, 0.5%. - The leaves also yield hentriacontanol and beta-sitosterol. The ether-soluble alkaloid of the bark showed anti-bacterial activity. - The dried stembark gave the sapogenins cadambagenic acid (C30H46O5, mp 312-14-degree) and quinovic acid, beta-sitosterol, and four saponins, viz. saponins A (mp 240-41-degree), B [C48H76O17, mp 302-degree(decomp.)],C [C48H76O19, mp 295-degree(decomp.)], and D[C56H90O23, mp 302-degree (decomp.)]. - The saponins A and B, on hydrolysis, gave cadambagenic acid, along with D-glucose and L-rhamnose in the case of A and L-fucose and L-rhamnose in B. - The saponins C and D gave quinovic acid, with D-glucose, L-fucose and D-glucose as sugar moieties in C and L-rhamnose and L-fucose in D. - The dried bark has been reported to contain steroids, alkaloids, fats and reducing sugars. The bark also contains tannins (4.61%). - The proximate chemical analysis of the wood gave; cellulose, 59.9; lignin, 23.1; pentosans, 15.6; and ash, 1.3%. - The heartwood is reported to contain the alkaloids cadambine, 3'-dihydrocadambine, and isodihydro-cadambine. - The bark contains cadambine, 3alpha- and 3beta-dihydrocadambines, 3beta-isodihydrocadambine, oleanolic acid and cadambagenic acid. - Analysis of the stem gave a-cellulose, 41.06; lignin, 26.49; pentosan, 12.25; and ash, 0.51%. | |||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | |||
| Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Tikta (Bitter), Kasaya (Astringent) | ||
| Virya (Potency) | Sita (Cold) | |||
| Guna (Quality) | Ruksa (Dry) | |||
| Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Katu (Pungent) | |||
| Karma (General action) | Dipaka (appetiser), Vistambhi (constipative), Ropana (healing), Suklavardhana (aphrodisiac), Kaphakara (increases kapha), Varnakrt (improves complexion), Yonidosahara (alleviates vitiation in vagina), Rucya (improves taste). | |||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases all three dosas | |||
| Mala (Action on excretory mechanism) | Vistambhi (constipative) | |||
| Traditional usage | 1. In wounds, the leaves of Kadamba (Neolamarckia cadamba), Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna), Nimba (neem) (neem), Asvattha (Ficus religiosa) should be used for covering. 2. Root of Kadamba taken with wine or hot water alleviates gravels and calculi. 3. Ghee or milk processed with Vidari (Pueraria tuberosa) or Kadamba fruit is prescribed in discolouration of urine and dysuria. 4. In infestation of worms, cakes prepared with the leaves of Kadamba, Bhrngaraja (Eclipta alba) and Nirgundi (Vitex negundo) should be given. 5. In diarrhoea/diarrhea, the patient should take in the night, the decoction of Sunthi (dry ginger) and Kadamba bark for three days. 6. Warm decoction of Kadamba bark is used to clean the wounds and ulcers. | |||
| Comments | Kadamba is included in Anuvasanopaga, Vayahsthapana gana by Caraka. Susruta includes it in Arkadi varga and Slesmasamsamana gana. Vrttapuspa means it has round flowers. Hemapuspi, kancanakaraka and pitapuspi mean that it bears yellow flowers. Snigdhapuspa means the flowers are soft. Tender bud is said to be having astringent taste and cold potency. Fruits are said to be heavy, and has hot quality. It is said to be kapha kara (increases Kapha). The sour fruit is said to be kaphapittakara (aggravates Kapha and Pitta). | |||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 4 (Repr.1997), pp 120-123. Indian Medicinal Plants (Second Edition), Vols. 1-5, 1993. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu. B.D., Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi Vol. 2, pp 1251- 1252. Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore 13. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 2, pp 41-43. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi p 75. | ||
| Remarks | A few authorities combine Anthocephalus A. Rich. with Platanocephalus. The flowers are used as vegetable. Soda pulp prepared from the stem can be used for making writing and printing paper. Leaves are fed to cattle. | |||
| Last renewal date | 2023/12/21 | |||