Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameArjun chal
Formal nameArjuna
Other names　　　

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Chhal arjun (T), Arjun (B), Arjuna (H), Maddi (K), Vellamarutu (M), Tellamaddi (Te), Vellaimaruthai (Ta), Ardzuna (Ti), Kumbuk (Sin)
English nameArjun Myrobalan
Original plant nameTerminalia arjuna Wight & Arn., Arjun Myrobalan
Family nameCombretaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification bark
Production area informationIndia
Collection informationIndia, Dibrugarh, Assam, Shree Vishwanath Marwari Databye Aushadhalaya
Collection date1997/05/05
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu, et al.
TMPW No.17384

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
India
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
27.4728327
94.91196209999998
Collection information
India,Dibrugarh, Assam
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Arjuna, Arjun Myrobalan
SynonymsKakubha, Nadisarja, Indradru, Viravrksa, Vira, Dhavala, Sambhara, Partha, Citrayodhi, Dhananjaya, Vairantaka, Kiriti, Gandivi, Sivamallaka, Savyasaci, Nadisarja, Karnari, Kuruviraka, Kaunteya, Indrasona, Viradru, Krsnasarathi, Prthaja, Phalaguna
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Original plant nameTerminalia arjuna Wight & Arn.
Family nameCombretaceae
Used partStem bark
Distribution areaThroughout the greater part of India, also planted as avenue trees.
RemarksCommon.
Common usesThis drug has acrid, styptic, tonic and antidysenteric properties. Bark is an antiischaemic/antiischemic and cardio-protective agent in hypertension and heart diseases, especially in the disturbed cardiac rhythm, angina and myocardial infarction, bilious affection, blood dysentery, inflammatory conditions and in the fracture of bones. In fractures and convulsions with excessive echymosis the powdered bark is taken with milk. It apparently had a diuretic and a general tonic effect in cases of cirrhosis of the liver. A decoction of the bark is used as a wash in ulcers. In Nepal, the stem bark is applied to cuts and wounds.
Therapeutic usesVrana (wounds), Medodosa (obesity), Prameha (diabetic types), Pandu (anaemic/anemic conditions), Ksataksaya (injury and emaciation), Visa (poison), Asthibhagna (fracture), Srama (tiredness), Trsa (thirst), Hrdroga (heart diseases), Svasa (respiratory disorders), Bhasmaroga (a metabolic disorder), Krcchra (urinary disorders)
Chemical constituentTriterpenoids
Oleanolic acid (*C8), Arjunic acid (*C8, *C13), beta-Amyrin (*C10), Friedelin (*C10), Arjunolic acid (*C13, *C14, *C15), Arjungenin (*C13, *C15), Arjunic acid (*C15)

Triterpenoid saponins
Terminolitin (*C3), Arjunetoside (*C8), 2alpha-19alpha-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-olen-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (*C10), Terminolitin (*C11), Arjunetin (*C13, *C15), Arjunglucoside I (*C15)

Sterols
Sitosterol (*C4), Stigmasterol (*C12)

Steroid saponins & Sapogenins
Sitosterol glucoside (*C4)

Cardiac glycosides
16,17-Dihydroneridienone 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (*C9)

Flavonoids
Luteolin (*C1)

Flavones & Flavonols
Quercetin-7-O-rhamnoside (*C4), 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 7-[(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy (*C12)

Isoflavones
Afrormosin (*C4)

Tannins
2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose (*C2), 2,3-(S)-HHDP-6-O-galloyl-D-glucose (*C2), Punicalin (*C2), Punicalagin (*C2), Terchebulin (*C2), Terflavin C (*C2), Castalagin (*C2), Casuarin (*C2), Casuarinin (*C2), Arjunin (*C7),
Punicalin (*C7), 1,2,3,4,6-Pentagalloyl glucose (*C7), 2,3,4,6-Tetragalloyl glucose (*C7), 2.3:4,6-bis-Hexahydroxydiphenyl-1-galloyl-beta-glucose (*C7)

Phenol derivatives
Gallic acid (*C1, *C6), Ethyl gallate (*C1), Apigenin-7-O-neohesperidoside (*C6), Ellagic acid (*C6)

Amino acids
Serine (*C5), Glutamic acid (*C5), Valine (*C5), Proline (*C5), Methionine (*C5), Histidine (*C5), Lysine (*C5), Tyrosine (*C5), Arginine (*C5), Threonine (*C5)

Chemical structure






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Pharmacological effectBark exhibits myocardial depressive activity. The bark showed significant ionotropic property which is responsible for its efficacy in treating cardio-vascular diseases. The bark powder possesses diuretic, prostraglandin enhancing and coronary risk factor modulating properties. Oral administration of the bark powder (400mg/kg) body weight for 10 days produced significant increase in circulatory histamine, a little increase in 5 HT catacholamines and HDL cholesterol, and decrease in total lipid cholesterol in normal rats. This action is due to the presence of certain amino acids, saponins, terpenic acids, glycoside contents, calcium, magnesium and aluminium. The bark is credited with hypocholesterolemic property. The bark possesses cardio-protective property and is effective in congestive cardiac failure.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Kasaya (Astringent)
Virya (Potency)Sita (Cold)
Guna (Quality)Laghu (Light)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Prabhava
(Special action)		Hrdya (good for heart)
Karma
(General action)		Balakrt (strengthening), Kantida (improving lusture), Vranasodhana (wound purifying), Raktastambhana (haemostatic/hemostatic)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha Pitta, increases Vata
Dhatukarma(Action
on body tissues)		Meda (adipose tissue), Rakta (blood)
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Hrdya (good for heart)
Traditional usage1. Milk boiled with Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) is taken for heart disorders. Similarly bark powder if taken with sugar, milk, jaggery, water is good for heart diseases, fever, Pitta and blood disorders.

2. Bark powder treated with Vasa (Adhatoda vasica) juice is taken along with honey, ghee, sugar candy for emaciation, cough and blood disorders.

3. Bhrngaraja (Eclipta alba) and alakali of Arjuna if taken with curd water in the morning relieves irritable bowels.

4. Arjuna bark, Nagabala (Grewia hirsuta) and Kapikacchu (Mucuna pruriens) seeds are powdered together and taken after mixing with honey, ghee and sugar followed by intake of milk. It alleviates consumption, cough etc.

5. In sukra meha (a type of polyuria), decoction of Arjuna and Candana (Santalum album) is useful.

6. In freckles, the paste of Arjuna bark or Manjista (Rubia cordifolia) mixed with honey should be applied or the ash of the white horse's hoof mixed with butter should be used as paste.

7. One afflicted with fracture should take Arjuna bark or Wheat powder with milk added with ghee.

8. Powder of Arjuna bark and Laksa (Lac) is mixed with Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) and pounded with ghee. This promotes union in fracture, diet of the patient being milk and ghee.

9. Bark of Arjuna, Udumbara (Ficus glomerata), Vetasa (Salix caprea) etc., combined or separately checks intrinsic haemorrhage/hemorrhage.

10. One should take cold infusion of the bark of Jambu (Syzygium cumini), Amra (mango) and Arjuna.

11. Decoction of Vasa (Adhatoda vasica), Arjuna, Yavasa (Alhagi camelorum) and Nimba (neem) should be used for irrigating the haemorrhoids/hemorrhoids.

12. Khadira (Acacia catechu), Aragvadha (Cassia fistula) and Arjuna are useful as bath and intake.

13. In diarrhoea/diarrhea associated with blood, Arjuna bark mixed with honey should be taken with milk. It checks haemorrhage/hemorrhage.
FormulationKakubhadi curna, Arjunaristam, Arjuna ghrtam
CommentsArjuna is included in Kasayaskandha, Udardaprasamana of Caraka and Nygrodhadi, Salasaradi of Susruta.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 5 (Repr.1997), pp 253-257.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 241.

Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
p 118.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
1605.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, p 195-197.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 23.

Research paper*C1 Pettit, G. R., Horald, M. S., Doubek, D. L., Schmidt, J. M., Pettit, R. K. and Tackett, L. P.; J. Ethnopharmacol., 53, 57-63 (1996).
*C2 Lin, T.-C., MA, Y.-T. and Hsu, F.-L.; Chin. Pharm. J. (Taipei), 48, 25-35 (1996).
*C3 Singh, B., Singh, V. P., Pandey, V. B. and Ruecker, G.; Planta Med., 61, 576-77 (1995).
*C4 Singh, B. and Pandey, V. B.; Orient. J. Chem., 11, 185-85 (1995).
*C5 Srivastava, N., Prakash, D. and Behl, H. M.; Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 48, 215-19 (1997).
*C6 Chauhan, S. M. S., Mishra, M. K., Parkash, S. and Kaushik, R.; J. Indian. Chem. Sco., 75, 328-29 (1998).
*C7 Kandi, F. E. and Nassar, M. I.; Phytochemistry, 47, 1567-68 (1998).
*C8 Upadhyyay, R. K., Pandey, M. B., Jha, R. N., Singh, V. P. and Pandey, V. B.; J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 3, 207-12 (2001).
*C9 Yadav, R. N. and Rathore, K.; Fitoterapia, 72, 459-61 (2001).
*C10 Chouksey, B. K. and Srivastava, S. K.; Indian J. Chem. Sect. B: 40B, 354-56 (2001).
*C11 Singh, B., Singh, V. P., Pandey, V. B. and Ruecker, G.; Planta Med. 61, 576-77 (1995).
*C12 Singh, B. and Pandy, V. B.; Orient. J. Chem., 11, 186-86 (1995).
*C13 Singh,　D. V., Verma, R. K., Singh, S. C. and Gupta, M, M.; J. Pharm. Bio. Anal., 28, 447-52 (2002).
*C14 Abdul, A. A. and Balakrishna, K.; Acta Crystallographica Sect. E: E58, o682-o684 (2002).
*C15 Singh, D. V., Verma, R. K., Gupta, M. M. and Kumar, S.; Phytochemical Analysis, 13, 207-210 (2002).
RemarksThe bark powder possesses diuretic, prostraglandin enhancing and coronary risk factor modulating properties.
Last renewal date2024/01/16
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