Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Lwang |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Lavanga | |
Other names Tips！ | Laung (B), Laung (H), Lavanga (K), Karayampu, Krambu (M), Lavangamuchettu - tree, Lavangamulu - buds (Te), Kirambu (Ta), Lwang (N), Karambu, Karabu-neti (Sin) | |
| English name | Clove | |
| Original plant name | Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry (= Caryophyllus aromaticus Linn.) (= Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.) (= Eugenia aromatica Kuntze), Clove | |
| Family name | Myrtaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | flos |
| Collection information | Kingdom of Nepal, Kathmandu , Kilagal tole M.G.M. Shakya | |
| Collection date | 1991/04/13 | |
| Collector | Tsuneo Namba, et al. | |
| TMPW No. | 14783 | |
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Production area information
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27.7172453
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Collection information
Kingdom of Nepal,Kathmandu
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Lavanga, Clove | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Devapuspam, Mahapuspam, Svargapuspam, Varalakam, Nispatram, Girijam, Haimam, Candrabhaskarajam, Mahat, Bhrngarajam, Sekharam, Divyanandanasambhavam, Devabhidana, Puspasabda, Devakusuma, Sriprasonakam, Lavam, Ruciram, Varisambhavam, Tiksnapuspam, Bhrngaram, Girvanukusumam, Puspakam. | ||||
| Original plant name | Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry (= Caryophyllus aromaticus Linn.) (= Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.) (= Eugenia aromatica Kuntze) | ||||
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| Family name | Myrtaceae | ||||
| Used part | Dried flower buds | ||||
| Distribution area | A native of Moluccas, but it is now largely cultivated in the neighbouring islands of the Amboyna group, Sumatra, Malacca, Penang, Mauritius and Bourban, Guiana, Brazil and in most West Indian islands of Zambia. In Ceylon, it is grown in the mid-countiry upto an elevation fo 2000 feet and also grown in Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India | ||||
| Common uses | Clove is carminative, aromatic, digestive, carminative, stomachic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, expectorant, anthelmintic, rejuvenating, galactopurifier, diuretic, tonic, stomachic and stimulant. It is given in the treatment of thirst, nausea (in children suffering from worms and indigestion), colic, toothache, diseases of the chest and throat, cough, hiccough, asthma, halitosis, ophthalmopathy, flatulence, gastropathy, anorexia, skin diseases, helminthiasis, agalactia, impurity of breast milk, fever, strangury, cephalalgia, neuralgia, lumbago, dental caries, hyperacidity, vomiting, dipsia, hepatopathy, general debility, tuberculosis, diarrhoea/diarrhea and urinary diseases. Oil is useful in catarrh, cough, bronchitis, flatulence, colic, skin diseases, dyspepsia, vomiting, odontalgia, dental caries and cephalalgia. Externally the oil is used as a rubefacient and counter irritant. Clove oil is used in dentifrice for removal of stain in teeth, in root canal filling material, as salivary stimulator in sublingual pharmaceutical compositions, in buccal deodrant tapes and in dental bandages for protection to gingival tissue. Oil is also used in topical formulations for use in cryotherapy for treating circulatory diseases such as post traumatic edema. Clove forms an ingredient of pharmaceutical powder used in treatment of gastronomic disorders caused due to alcohol consumption. Soap manufacturers and distillers use it for scenting their products, while the dried flow reed is used for culinary purposes. | ||||
| Therapeutic uses | Trsna (thirst), Chardi (vomiting), Adhmana (distension of the abdomen), Sula (colic), Svasa (asthmatic conditions), Kasa (cough), Hikka (hiccough), Ksaya (emaciation). | ||||
| Chemical constituent | - Steam distillation of clove bud yields a colourless oil (14.23%) with characteristic odour and taste of cloves, and properties of which vary according to the origin and quality of cloves and the method used for distillation. - The clove bud oil contain free eugenol 70.9, eugenol acetate 2-17% and caryophyllene (C10H16O4, chiefly the beta-form) as its main constituents. Among other constituents, most important is methyl n-amyl Ketone. - The oil contains sesquiterpenes, alpha-cubebine, alpha-copaene, gamma & delta-cadinene, beta-caryophyllene, beta-caryophyllene oxide, alpha-humulene, alpha-humulene epoxide besides eugenol. - Clove contains gallic acid (1.26/100g) and eugenol (3.03/100g). | ||||
| Pharmacological effect | The compounds sesquiterpenes, alpha-cubabene, alpha-copaene, gamma and 8-cadinene, beta-caryophyllene, beta-caryophyllene oxide, alpha-humulene and alpha-humulene epoxide present in clove oil show significant activity as inducers of detoxifying enzyme-glutathione S-transferase in mouse liver and intestines. This ability is corelated with their activity in inhibiting the chemical carcinogenesis, thus promising their potential as anticancer agents. The oil possesses insecticidal, antibacterial and antifungal activity. Clove oil (0.4%) dispersed in concentrated sugar solution has marked germicidal effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans soluble components of the oil inhibit arachidonate-adrenaline and collagen induced platelet aggregation. Clove oil is effective gainst Microsporeum gypseum and Trichophyton venbreseghenii, the fungi which penetrates human hair and hence used as an ingredient of hair and body shampoo. The oil possesses antioxidant and anti-hydrolytic property. It inhibits insulin-potentiating activity. The oil exhibits anti-implantation activity. Gallic acid and eugenol contained in clove are good antioxidants. The oil exerts bactericidal action against Vibrio cholerae in a concentrate of 1 in 2,000. It inhibits the growth of Brucella and Mycobacterium, Trichophyton, Achorin and Epidermophyton. | ||||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | ||||
| Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Tikta (Bitter), Katu (Pungent) | |||
| Virya (Potency) | Sita (Cold) | ||||
| Guna (Quality) | Laghu (Light), Snigdha (Unctuous) | ||||
| Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Katu (Pungent) | ||||
| Karma (General action) | Dipana (appetiser), Pacana (digestive), Rucyam (improves taste), Hrdyam (good for heart), Vrsya (aphrodisiac), Vaktrakledanasanam (dries up the mouth), Vaktradaurgandhyanasanam (removes bad smell in the mouth), Visaghnam (removes poisons). | ||||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Kapha, Pitta | ||||
| Avayava (Action on organ) | Hrdya (good for heart) | ||||
| Traditional usage | 1. Lavanga (clove) water is useful in thirst and nausea. Similarly cold infusion of Jatiphala (Myristica fragrans) and decoction of Bhadramusta (Cyperus spp.) is efficacious. 2. Extract of Lavanga soaked in juice of Chikkika (Centipeda minima) and obtained by patala yantra (an instrument) removes indigestion and colic. 3. Paste of Lavanga pounded in warm water should be applied externally in case of pain. 4. In order to produce clarity, relish and fragrance one should keep Lavanga in the mouth along with Jatiphala, Latakasturi (Hibiscus abelmoschus), Puga (areca nut), Kakkola (Piper cubeba), Tambula (Piper betel), camphor and Ela (cardamom). 5. Lavanga is one of the ingredients in "khadiradi gutika" (a formulation) used in the disorders of mouth. | ||||
| Formulation | Lavangadi vati, Lavangadi curna, Lavangacatuhsama, Lavangodaka, Avipattikara curna, Khadiradi gutika. | ||||
| Comments | As it is fragrant, it is considered to be auspicious. Hence it is called with synonyms like devakusuma, devapuspa, svargapuspa etc. It is considered to be tiksnapuspa because of its strong odour. It is called rucira because it improves taste. Its synonym candana means that it is aromatic. | ||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 5 (Repr.1997), pp 221-224. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement Vol. 4, p 115. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 2, pp 246-250. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi p 329. | |||
| Remarks | Clove oil is extensively used for flavouring food products like meat, baked food, confectionery, candies, sauces and pickles. Oil is also used for scenting soaps, in perfumery and as clearing agent in histological work. Oil is reported to be a mosquito repellant. | ||||
| Last renewal date | 2023/11/30 | ||||
