Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Evariyadadu |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Nilini | |
Other names Tips！ | Nilawari (Sin), Nil (B), Neel (H), Neelee (K), Neelamari (M), Neeli (Te), Avari (Ta) | |
| English name | Indian Indigo | |
| Original plant name | Indigofera tinctoria Linn., Indian Indigo | |
| Family name | Leguminosae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | whole plant |
| Collection information | Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Polonnaruwa | |
| Collection date | 1980/01/27 | |
| Collector | Tsuneo Namba, et al. | |
| TMPW No. | 6445 | |
The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative
location of its administrative area is indicated.
location of its administrative area is indicated.
Production area information
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7.940338400000001
81.01879839999992
Collection information
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka,Polonnaruwa
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Nilini (Whole plant), Indian Indigo | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Nilika, Nilapatra, Sarapunkhadala, Bahusimba, Kalika, Rangapatri, Ranjani, Nili, Toli, Kaladola, Sriphali, Tuttha, Gramina, Madhuparnika, Klitaka, Kalakesi, Nilapuspa, Rajni, Syama, Sodhani, Gramya, Bhadra, Bharavahi, Moca, Krsna, Vyanjanakesi, Mahaphala, Asita, Klitani, Nilakesi, Caratika, Gandhapuspa, Sthiraranga, Rangapuspi. | ||||
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| Original plant name | Indigofera tinctoria Linn. | ||||
| Family name | Leguminosae | ||||
| Used part | Whole plant, Root | ||||
| Distribution area | Indigenous to Senegal and other parts of West tropical Africa and widely cultivated in India, Ceylon and some of the Philippine Islands. It is rather common in Ceylon as a road side weed, specially in the dry regions of the low country. | ||||
| Common uses | Roots, stems and leaves of this drug are bitter, laxative, expectorant, anthelmintic, tonic and diuretic and are useful in gastropathy, splenomegaly, cephalgia, cardiopathy, palpitation of heart, asthma, whooping cough, lung diseases, kidney complaints, dropsy, hepatitis, epilepsy and other nervous affections, chronic bronchitis, ulcers and skin disease. Leaf juice is administered both internally and externally, for hydrophobia and the bruised leaves applied on the wounds. Leaves ground together with leaves of Calotropis gigantea in hot water are applied on patches of falling hair on the head. An ointment prepared from it is applied on sores, chronic ulcers and haemorrhoids/hemorrhoids. Due to the antitoxic property, it is also a good remedy against all poisonous affections. Juice of leaves is given internally in whooping cough, palpitation of heart, lung disease and kidney complaints. Root is useful in bladder stones and epilepsy. | ||||
| Therapeutic uses | Garadosa (food poisoning), Udavarta (form of obstipation caused due to suppression of urges), Moha (loss of consciousness), Bhrama (giddiness), Visa (poisoning), Vatarakta (vitiated blood by Vata), Kasa (cough), Gulma (phantom tumor), Jantu (worm infestations), Jvara (fever), Kandu (pruritus), Vrana (ulcers), Kustha (skin diseases). | ||||
| Chemical constituent | - The plant contains appreciable amounts of conjugated indoxyl (indican), the putative precursor of isatin. - The flavanoids apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin and quercetin are present in varous plant parts, being maximum in the leaves and quercetin, however, minimum. The plant contains six rotenoids, deguelin, dehydrodeguelin, rotenol, rotenone, tephrosin and sumatrol. - Within the plant parts, maximum content was found in leaves (60.4%) and minimum in stem. Only four rotenoids, degnelin, dehydrodeguelin, rotenol, rotenone were however present in vitro. Maximum histamine content was (5.0mg/g dry weight) was found in 8 week old tissues in culture. - Cells under actively dividing stage, however, contain more histamine. - The seeds contain crude protein, 29.5; pentosan, 8.1; moisture, 7.5; and water sol gum, 20.0%. The seeds are very rich in galactomannan gums. The gum contains protein (11.3%) and pentosan (5.0%). | ||||
| Pharmacological effect | The plant exhibits potential contraceptive activity in experimental rats. Alcoholic extract of the aerial parts showed hepatoprotective activity in experimental animals. The extract (100mg/kg.ai) also increased bile flow and liver weight in rats, suggesting stimulation of microsomal enzymes of the liver. The effect was however, more pronounced in male rats as compared to the female. | ||||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | ||||
| Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Tikta (Bitter) | |||
| Virya (Potency) | Usna (Hot) | ||||
| Guna (Quality) | Laghu (Light), Ruksa (Dry) | ||||
| Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Katu (Pungent) | ||||
| Karma (General action) | Bhedini (purgative), Bhutasammohahari (controls metaphysical forces), Kesya (good for hair). | ||||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Kapha Vata | ||||
| Mala (Action on excretory mechanism) | Bhedana (purgative) | ||||
| Avayava (Action on organ) | Kesya (good for hair) | ||||
| Traditional usage | 1. Ghee mixed with Nilini (Indigofera tinctoria), Trivrt (Operculina turpethum), Danti (Baliospermum montanum), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Bida (a type of salt), Yavaksara (alkali of Hordeum vulgare) and Sunthi (dry ginger), should be given for purgation in "Gulma" (phantom tumor). 2. Nilini is the chief ingredient in "Nilinyadi ghrta " (a formulation) used to treat gulma. 3. Nilini is the chief ingredient in "Nilinyadi curna " (a formulation) indicated in ascites. 4. Nilini taken with milk in the morning and its paste applied locally overcomes erysipelas. 5. Its paste is used to apply on the affected part in "Dadru" (a kind of skin disease). 6. The root of Nilini pounded with rice water when consumed counteracts snake poison. 7. Nilini fruit mixed with ghee should be given as purgative in enteric poisoning. 8. Nilini root taken with cow milk is beneficial in wasting disorder. 9. Nilini, Dugdhika (Euphorbia spp.), Snuhi (Euphorbia spp.) and Asvagandha (Withania somnifera) alleviates caries when these drugs are used for chewing. | ||||
| Formulation | Nilibhrngadi taila, Nilinyadi ghrta. | ||||
| Comments | It has been included in virecana gana by Caraka and adhobhagahara gana by Susruta. Its synonyms like ranjani, rangapatri indicate that it is used in colouring. Nilapuspi indicates that it bears bluish flowers. Sarapunkhadala indicates that it bears resemblance with the leaves of sarapunkha. Krsna, nilakesi indicate that it is helps in blackening of hair. Bahusimba means that it bears many flowers. | ||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 3 (Repr.1996), pp 210-213. Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi p 327. Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore 77. Medicinal plants (Indigenous and exotic) used in Ceylon, Vols. 1-5, 1982. Jayaweera, D.M.A., The National Science Council of Sri Lanka, Colombo Vol. 3, p 217. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 2, pp 126-128. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi p 216. | |||
| Last renewal date | 2024/01/12 | ||||
