Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Gokharu chota |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Goksura | |
Other names Tips！ | Gokharu chhoti (T), Gokshura (B), Gokharu (H), Negalu gida (K), Nerinjil (M), Palleru mullu (Te), Nerunji mul (Ta), Gzema (Ti), Gokatu, Nerenchi (Sin), Gokhur (N) | |
| English name | Small Caltrop | |
| Original plant name | Tribulus terrestris Linn., Small Caltrop | |
| Family name | Zygophyllaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | fruit |
| Production area information | India | |
| Collection information | India, Dibrugarh, Assam , Shree Vishwanath Marwari Databye Aushadhalaya | |
| Collection date | 1997/05/05 | |
| Collector | Katsuko Komatsu, et al. | |
| TMPW No. | 17335 | |
The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative
location of its administrative area is indicated.
location of its administrative area is indicated.
Production area information
India
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27.4728327
94.91196209999998
Collection information
India,Dibrugarh, Assam
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Goksura (Fruits), Small Caltrop | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Gokantaka, Svadamstra, Trikata, Trika, Saranya, Ardrakantaka, Ksuraka, Trikanta, Svadukantaka, Bhaksataka, Vanasrngata, Palamkasa, Iksugandhika, Bhaksaka, Bhaksataka, Sadanga, Kantakatrika, Ksuranga, Kandaka, Bhadrakantaka, Vyaladamstra, Mahanga, Duscakrama | |||||
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| Original plant name | Tribulus terrestris Linn. | |||||
| Family name | Zygophyllaceae | |||||
| Used part | Fruits, (Whole plant) | |||||
| Distribution area | Occurs in Ceylon, India and other tropical countries. It is very common in sandy ground especially in the dry low country in Ceylon, Trincomalee, Jaffna, Batticaloa, etc. Throughout India upto 3500m Kashmir. | |||||
| Remarks | Abundant. | |||||
| Common uses | Fruits are diuretic and are used in drugs for urinary and bronchial diseases and difficult micturition. They are also useful in calculous affections and in Bright's disease. | |||||
| Therapeutic uses | Mutrakrchra (urinary disorders), Asmari (urinary calculi), Prameha (diabetic types), Svasakasa (respiratory disorders), Arsa (piles), Hrdroga (heart diseases), Vata (rheumatism), Sula (colic), Vastivata (bladder affected by Vata), Kustha (skin diseases) | |||||
| Chemical constituent | Others Fruits contain traces of an alkaloid (0.001%), a fixed oil (3.5-5%), small quantity of an essential oil, tannins, sterols, resins, nitrates, peroxidase and diastase. Seeds contain harmine. | |||||
| Pharmacological effect | Diuretic effect of the seeds as well as the aqueous extract of the ashes obtained by burning the seeds have been studied in albino rats; in Isotonic solutions, their action was found to be comparable to that of Potassium chloride. The diuretic effect is also due to the alkaloidal fraction present in the seeds. This has been supported by clinical trials. The use of alkaloid fraction in cases of ascites and oedema showed diuretic action. The alkaloid extract of the fruits showed anti-urolithiatic activity. At a daily oral dose of 100mg/kg administered from two to four weeks, It significantly reduced the weight of the stone by 60-80% against artificially induced urolithiasis in albino rats. The chloroform, butanol and aqueous fractions of the alcoholic extract exhibited more marked activity and completely inhibited the stone formation. The extracts also normalized the other biochemical parameters in the urine and serum and the histo-pathology of kidney and urinary bladder altered during the formation of stones. In addition, the extract also showed significant diuretic activity. | |||||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | |||||
| Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Madhura (Sweet) | ||||
| Virya (Potency) | Sita (Cold) | |||||
| Guna (Quality) | Guru (Heavy), Snigdha (Unctuous) | |||||
| Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Madhura (Sweet) | |||||
| Karma (General action) | Vrsya (aphrodisiac), Balakrt (strengthening), Dipana (increasing digestive fire), Pustida (nourishing), Rasayana (rejuvenative) | |||||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Vata Pitta | |||||
| Mala (Action on excretory mechanism) | Vastinivarana (diuretic) | |||||
| Traditional usage | 1. Seeds of Goksura (Tribulus terrestris) are powdered and mixed with honey and goat's milk taken for 7 days is good for calculi. 2. Decoction of this with alkali of Barley is good for urinary disorders. 3. Ginger, Goksura (Tribulus terrestris) decoction is taken in the morning for rheumatic fever, backache and it is digestive and pain killing. 4. Milk decoction of Goksura is good aphrodisiac. 5. Powder of Goksura, Asvagandha (Withania somnifera) along with honey is good for emaciation, cough. 6. Ghrta (ghee) cooked with decoction of Goksura and eight times milk should be taken in calculus. 7. Roots of Goksura, Kokilaksa (Hygrophila schulli), Eranda (castor) and two types of Brhati (Solanum spp.) are pounded together with milk and dissolved in sweet curd for a week. It breaks calculus. 8. Powder of the seeds of Goksura mixed with honey and taken with sheep milk for a week breaks calculus. 9. Powder of the seeds of Goksura mixed with Svarnamaksika (Copper pyrite) and taken with Buffalo's milk is good for expelling calculus. 10. Milk cooked with Goksura and Satavari (Asparagus racemosus) checks haemorrhage/hemorrhage. 11. Gruel prepared with Goksura and Kantakari (Solanum surattense) and added with liquid jaggery is useful in dysuria. 12. Oil cooked with decoction of Goksura with jaggery, milk and Sunthi (dry ginger) should be used, as intake and enema, in dysuria caused by Vata. 13. Goksura is beneficial in dysuria. 14. One should take decoction of Goksura seeds mixed with Yavaksara (alkali of Hordeum vulgare). It alleviates dysuria, gravels and calculus. 15. Decoction of the whole plant of Goksura mixed with honey and sugar should be taken. It alleviates disorders the disorders of dysuria. 16. Milk boiled with Goksura, Eranda and Satavari added with ghee and ample jaggery is beneficial in dysuria etc. 17. Decoction of whole plant of Goksura mixed with sugar and honey alleviates all types of dysuria and burning micturition. 18. Goksura, Varuna (Crataeva nurvala) and Sunthi decoction of these mixed with honey should be taken. It is excellent remedy for gravels, calculus and dysuria. 19. Paste of Goksura taken with coconut water alleviates dysuria. 20. Goksura and Sesamum flowers are mixed with equal quantity of honey and ghee. This paste applied on head promotes growth of hair. 21. One taking powder of Goksura, Amalaka (Phyllanthus emblica) and Guduci (Tinospora cordifolia) with ghee and honey becomes potent, stable, happy, black haired and with full life span. 22. Goksura, Kokilaksa, Satavari, Kapikacchu (Mucuna pruriens), Nagabala (Grewia hirsute) and Atibala (Abutilon indicum) - this powder taken with milk in night acts as a good aphrodisiac. 23. Decoction of Sunthi and Goksura used regularly in morning digests morbid matter, reduces pain and is thus useful in rheumatic fever and lumbago. | |||||
| Formulation | Goksuradi curna, Goksuradi avaleha, Goksuradi guggulu, Dasamularista | |||||
| Comments | Seeds are cold, diuretic, aphrodisiac and life promoting and are good for oedema, spermatorrhoea/spermatorrhea and urinary disorders. Alakali is sweet, cold, clearing channels, antirheumatic and aphrodisiac. According to Bapalal vaidya, identity of Goksura is controversial and few other species are also used. Goksura is included in Mutravirecaniya, Sothahara, Krmighna, Anuvasanopaga group of Caraka and Vidarigandhadi, Viratarvadi, Kantakapancamula, Vatasmari bhedana groups of Susruta. | |||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 5 (Repr.1997), pp 311-315. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement p 247. Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi p 228. Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi p 155. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Vol I, Ed. I, 1989. Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Dept. of Health, New Delhi p 40. Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore 1636. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 2, pp 362- 634. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi p 132. | ||||
| Last renewal date | 2023/11/20 | |||||
