Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Divul |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Kapittha | |
Other names Tips！ | Divul (Sin), Kait, Katbel (B), Kaatbal, Kaith (H), Bala (K), Vilaarmaram (M), Velagapandu (Te), Vilaankay maram (Ta) | |
| English name | Wood Apple, Elephant Apple | |
| Original plant name | Limonia acidissima Linn. (= Feronia elephantum Correa), Wood Apple, Elephant Apple | |
| Family name | Rutaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | bark |
| Collection information | Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Colombo , Ayurveda Cooperation | |
| Collection date | 1983/02/ | |
| TMPW No. | 1551 | |
The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative
location of its administrative area is indicated.
location of its administrative area is indicated.
Production area information
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6.9270786
79.86124300000006
Collection information
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka,Colombo
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Kapittha (Bark), Wood Apple, Elephant Apple | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Phalagandhi, Dadhittha, Manmatha, Kapi, Kapipriya, Aksamatsya, Cirapaki, Visadruma, Puspaphala, Dadhiphala, Dantasatha, Malura, Mangali, Nilamallika, Dadhi, Grahiphala, Granthiphala, Kucaphala, Gandhaphala, Kapista, Vrttaphala, Karabhavallabha, Kathinaphala, Karandaphalaka, Takracit, Surabhicchada, Aksisasya. | |||
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| Original plant name | Limonia acidissima Linn. (= Feronia elephantum Correa) | |||
| Family name | Rutaceae | |||
| Used part | Bark | |||
| Distribution area | Occurs throughout the dry regions in India and Ceylon. It is very common in the dry zone. | |||
| Common uses | Bark is prescribed for biliousness and all parts of the plant for snakebite. According to Ayurveda, bark is aromatic and cooling. | |||
| Therapeutic uses | Agnimandya (loss of appetite), Vrana (ulcers), Hikka (hiccough), Svasa (asthmatic conditions), Vami (vomiting), Srama (tiredness), Amla hara (reduces acidity), Kasa (cough), Trsa (thirst), Atisara (diarrhoea/diarrhea), Ksaya (emaciation), Ajirna (indigestion), Sirsavyatha (diseases of the head), Visarpa (erysipelas), Visa (poisoning), Aruci (loss of taste). | |||
| Chemical constituent | Flavanones & Dihydroflavonols From Stem Bark: 5,7,4’-Trihydroxy-6,8-di(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-flavanone (*C16), (-)-(2S)-5,3’-Dihydroxy-4’-methoxy6”,6”-dimethylchromeno-(7,8,2”,3”)-flavanone (*C16) Others: From stem bark: Obacunone (*C13) From Root Bark: Acidissimin (*C13) Coumarins From Stem Bark: (+)-Marmesin (*C1, *C2, *C3, *C4), Luvangetin (*C1, *C4), Bergapten (*C12), Psoralen (*C12, *C14, *C15) , Demethylsuberosin (*C16), Xanthotoxin (*C16), Isopimpinellin (*C16) From Root Bark: Aurapten (*C1, *C2, *C5, *C6), Crenulatin (*C7), Dihydrosuberenol (*C8), Epoxysuberosin (*C9), 6-Methoxy aurapten (*C5), Suberenol (*C9), Suberosin (*C9), Isopimpinellin (*C1, *C5, *C10), (+)-Marmesin (*C1, *C2, *C3, *C4), Osthenol (*C14, *C15), Xanthotoxin (*C14, *C15) From Roots: Osthol (*C1), Bergapten (*C1, *C2, *C3, *C5), Fernolin (*C2) Indole alkaloids From stems: N(b)-Acetyl-N(b)-methyl-tryptamine (*C11), N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (*C11), 3-Formylindole (*C11), 2-Methyltetrahydro-beta-carboline (*C11), (+)-Tanakmine (*C11), (+)-Tanakine (*C11) Alkaloids: From Stem Bark: 1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-methyl-acridan-9-one (*C16) | |||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | |||
| Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Madhura (Sweet), Amla (Sour) | ||
| Virya (Potency) | Usna (Hot) | |||
| Guna (Quality) | Guru (Heavy) | |||
| Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Katu (Pungent) | |||
| Karma (General action) | Rocaka (improves taste), Kanthasodhana (clears the throat), Grahi (constipative), Durjaram (difficult to digest), Visahara (allays poisoning), Vrsya (aphrodisiac). | |||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Pitta Vata | |||
| Mala (Action on excretory mechanism) | Grahi (constipative) | |||
| Traditional usage | 1. One becomes free from diarrhoea/diarrhea if he takes fruit pulp of Kapittha (Limonia acidissima) mixed with Trikatu* (a group of three pungents), honey and sugar or Katphala (Myrica esculenta) with honey. 2. The soup of Kapittha and Bilva (Aegle marmelos) is useful in piles. 3. Frequent doses of Pippali (Piper longum) impregnated with Kapittha juice and mixed with honey check vomiting. 4. One should take Kapittha with Trikatu* or Duralabha (Tragia involucrata) with honey in vomiting. 5. In hiccough, the juice of Amalaka (Phyllanthus emblica) and Kapittha mixed with Pippali and honey checks hiccough immediately. 6. Pounded leaves of Kapittha heated in the sun and then sprinkled with cold water and mixed with decoction of Hrivera (Valeriana hardwikkii) should be inhaled in hiccough. 7. In poisoning, especially rat poisoning, ghee processed with five parts of Kapittha is useful. The juice of Kapittha and cow dung mixed with honey should be taken. 8. Poisoning of throat - the unripe Kapittha fruit mixed with sugar and honey should be taken in case of poisoning of throat. ----- Trikatu*, a group of three pungents, i.e., Pippali, Marica and Sunthi. It supports digestion and the overall gastric function. | |||
| Formulation | Kapitthastaka curna. | |||
| Comments | It is described that unripe fruit of Kapittha has astringent taste. It is sangrahi (constipative) and increases Vata. It is asvarya (not good for throat). Kapittha seed removes gara (a kind of poisoning), and removes kapala (a kind of skin disease) and visarpa (erysipelas). Leaves of kapittha reduce hikka (hiccough), Chardi (vomiting) and Atisara (diarrhoea/diarrhea). Flowers are useful in reducing akhu visa (rat poisoning). Oil has astringent and sweet taste. It reduces akhu visa (rat poisoning), Kapha, Pitta, Vami (vomiting), Hikka (hiccough), Visa (poisoning). Its synonym phalagandhi, gandhaphala indicate that the fruit has peculiar smell. Kapipriya, kapista indicate that it is liked by monkeys. Cirapaki means it is difficult to digest. Visadruma means the tree is poisonous. Puspaphala means flowers and fruits can be seen at same time. Granthiphala means the fruits have nodules. Dantasatha means it causes tingling sensation in the teeth. Vrttaphala means that it is round in shape. Kathinaphala means the rind is very hard. Surabhicchada means it has fragrant flowers. | |||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 3 (Repr.1996), pp 327-332. Medicinal plants (Indigenous and exotic) used in Ceylon, Vols. 1-5, 1982. Jayaweera, D.M.A., The National Science Council of Sri Lanka, Colombo Vol. 5, p 2. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 3, p 256. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi p 78. | ||
| Research paper | *C1 Banergi, J., Ghoshal, N., Sarkar, S. and Kumar, M.; Indian J. Chem. Sect. B:, 21B, 496-98 (1982). *C2 Agrawal, A., Siddiqui, I. R. and Singh, J.; Phytochemistry, 28, 1229-31 (1989). *C3 Chakraborty, D. P.; J. Sci. Ind. Res., 18B, 90 (1959). *C4 Patra, A., Misra, S. K. and Chaudhuri, S. K.; J. Indian. Chem. Soc., 65, 205 (1988). *C5 Talapatra, S. K., Chaudhuri, M. K. and Talapatra, B.; Phytochemistry, 12, 236-37 (1973). *C6 Govindachari, T. R., Narasimhan, N. S. and Thyagarajah, B. S.; Chem. Ber., 91, 34 (1958). *C7 Basa, S. C.; Aust. J. Chem., 28, 1159 (1975). *C8 Ghosh, P., Sil, P., Majundar, S. G. and Thakur, S., Phytochemistry, 21, 240-41 (1982). *C9 Nayar, M. N. S. and Bhan, M. K.; Phytochemistry, 11, 3331-33 (1972). *C10 Reish, J., Hussain, R. A. and Adesina, S. K.; Pharmazie, 40, 503-4 (1985). *C11 Abu Zarga, M. H.; J. Nat. Prod., 45, 901-4 (1986). *C12 Bandara, B. M. R., Gunatilake, A. A. L., Sotheeswaran, S., Wijeratne, E. M. K. and Ranasinghe, M. A. S. K.; J. Natn. Sci. Coun. Sri Lanka, 17, 237-39 (1989). *C13 Macleod, J. K., Moller, P. D. R., Bandara, B. M. R., Gunatilaka, A. A. L. and Wijeratne, E. M. K.; J. Nat. Prod., 52, 882-85 (1989). *C14 Adikaram, N. K. B., Abhayawardhana, Y., Bandara, B. M. R., Gunatilaka, A. A. L. and Wijeratne, E. M. K., Plant Pathology, 38, 258-65 (1989). *C15 Bandara, B. M. R., Gunatilaka, A. A. L., Wijeratne, E. M. K. and Adikaram, N. K. B., Planta Med., 54, 374-75 (1988). *C16 Rahman, Md. M. and Gray, A. I.; Phytochemistry, 59, 73-77 (2002). | |||
| Remarks | Gum is reported to be used as an ingredient of writing inks in Java and also said to be employed in dyeing and colouring. | |||
| Last renewal date | 2023/12/21 | |||