Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameBEAL
Formal nameVilva
Other names　　　

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Belgiri (T), Belphal (B), Belgiri (H), Bilapatrihannu (K), Kuvala kaya (M), Bilvapandu (Te), Vilvapazham (Ta), Bel, Belpatra (N), Beli (Sin)
English nameBael Fruit
Original plant nameAegle marmelos (L.) Corr., Bael Fruit
Family nameRutaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification fruit
Collection informationIndia, Kolkata, West Bengal, Dr. Alok Kumar Daw
Collection date2000/12/19
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
TMPW No.20548

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
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Collection information
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Vilva (Fruit), Bael Fruit
SynonymsPutiphala, Sandilya, Sriphala, Manura, Musti phala, Salata, Sailusa, Karkata, Sriyahvam, Sadaphala, Piluphala, Salatika, Salatudruma, Sandilya, Malura, Gandhagarbha, Salatu, Kantaki, Trksika
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Original plant nameAegle marmelos (L.) Corr.
Family nameRutaceae
Used partFruit, Root, Flowers
Distribution areaThroughout India upto 1200m in the western Himalayas and also in the Andaman islands. Commonly planted.
RemarksCommon.
Common usesFruit is useful in improving appetite, dysentery, diarrhoea/diarrhea and promotes strength. Unripe and half ripe fruits are astringent, digestive and stomachic. It is said to act as a tonic for heart and brain. In the after treatment of bacillary dysentery, the fruit is a useful adjuvant as it helps to remove constipation which hinders the healing of ulcerated surfaces of intestines. Preparations are in the form of extract from fresh fruits, liquid extract from the dried slices of unripe fruits and powdered dry pulp.
Therapeutic usesVata (rheumatic conditions), Atisara (diarrhoea/diarrhea), Jvara (fever), Svasa kasa (respiratory disorders), Hikka (hicough), Ksaya (emaciation), Chardi (vomiting)
Chemical constituentFatty acids
From Seeds:
Hexadecanoic acid (*C1), Octadecanoic acid (*C1), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (*C1), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (*C1)

Coumarins
From Seeds:
Luvangetin (*C2)

Phenol derivatives
From the unripe Fruit:
Propelargonidin (*C3)

Pharmacological effectClinical trials showed hypoglycaemic activity and significant results in intestinal parasites.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Kasaya (Astringent), Tikta (Bitter), Madhura (Sweet)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Ruksa (Dry), Laghu (Light)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Agnikrt (increasing digestive fire), Balya (increasing strength), Pacana (digestive), Amahara (digesting metabolic wastes), Ruciprada (increasing appetite)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha Vata, increases Pitta
Mala
(Action on excretory mechanism)		Grahi (Constipative)
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Hrdya (good for heart)
Traditional usage1. Pippali (Piper longum) with honey or buttermilk with Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica) or tender fruits of Vilva (Aegle marmelos) is good for diarrhoea/diarrhea.

2. In case of diarrhoea with blood, tender fruits of Vilva mixed with liquid jaggery, honey and oil should be taken, it checks the disease immediately. Fruit pulp of Vilva and Madhuka (liquorice) mixed with sugar and honey taken with rice water checks diarrhoea caused by Pitta and Rakta (blood).

3. Badari (Ziziphus mauritiana) fruits are steamed with Vilva fruits and when cooled taken with jaggery and oil checks diarrhoea.

4. Intake of Vilva with Jaggery checks diarrhoea with blood, removes pain due to indigestion and constipation and alleviates disorders of bowels.

5. Tender fruits of Vilva, Jaggery, oil, Pippali and Sunthi (dry ginger) all these together should be taken in condition of obstucted Vata, pain and tenesmus.

6. Decoction of Vilva and Amra (mango seed) mixed with honey and sugar checks vomiting and diarrhoea.

7. Paste of tender fruit of Vilva mixed with Sunthi powder and Jaggery alleviated severe grahani (irritable bowels) if the patient is kept on butter milk diet.

8. The patient should be well massaged and then dipped into the warm decoction of Vilva or Buttermilk or Sour curd or gruel or cow's urine for piles.

9. Saturating drink of buttermilk should be given mixed with Vilva and Kapittha (Limonia acidissima) or Sunthi and Bida (a type of salt) or Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium) or Yavani (Trachyspermum ammi).

10. One who eats tender fruits of Vilva regularly becomes able to control bleeding piles.

11. In condition of Vata causing pain in sides, stiffness and cardiac distress, oil mixed with alkali of Vilva should be given.

12. Juice of Vilva leaves mixed with Marica (black pepper) is useful in oedema caused by tridosas, constipation, piles and jaundice.

13. Intake of Vilva leaves mixed with Trikatu* (a group of three pungents) alleviates jaundice.

14. Cooled decoction of Vilva or Guduci (Tinospora cordifolia) added with honey or Murva (Marsdenia tenacissima) with rice water should be taken in three types of vomiting.

15. Juice of Vilva leaves removes foul odour of the body. The paste of Vilva and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) in equal parts removes foul smell of body and also mature boils.

16. Juice of Vilva leaves is strained and added with ghee, rocksalt and Pippali, then it is rubbed with a cowries in a copper vessel, fumigated with cow dung fire and dissolved in milk. Filling eyes with this removes inflammation and pain and is useful in conjunctivitis, glaucoma, lachrymation and congestion.

17. Sweet preparation with tender fruit of Vilva, Ela (cardamom), Suagar and parched paddy acts as an appetizer in children.

18. Parched paddy mixed with sugar dissolved in decoction of Vilva root should be administered to the child. It checks vomiting and diarrhoea.

--
Trikatu*, a group of three pungents, i.e., Pippali, Marica and Sunthi. It supports digestion and the overall gastric function.
FormulationDasamulam kasayam, Vilvadi leham, Asana vilvadi tailam, Amrtaristam, Vilva pancaka kvatha, Vilvadi curna, Vilvadi ghrta, Vilva taila, Laghu gangadhara curna.
CommentsTender fruit of Vilva is called Vilva karkati and Vilva pesika. This is constipative, increasing digestive function, digestive, pungent, astringent, hot, light, unctuous, bitter and Vata Kapha pacifying. Ripe fruit is heavy, pacifying all three dosas, difficult to digest, creating foul smelling flatus, causing excessive burning, causing blocks, sweet and reducing digestive fire. Tender fruit is also good for abdominal colic, indigestion, irritable bowels, diarrhoea. Root is sweet, pacifying three dosas, good for vomiting, colic, dysuria and light. When terms like Bala vilvam, Vilva karkati, Vilva pesika, Vilva madhyam, Vilva majja, Vilva salatu are mentioned in formulations the pulp of the tender fruit is meant.

Synonyms like putipata, gandha garbha indicate the foetid smell of the fruit marrow. Sriphala owes to its auspicious nature. Musti phala indicate the size of the fruit similar to the size of fist, Sadaphala refers to the fruiting in all seasons, Kantaki denotes the thorns and Trisikha refers to the trifoliate nature.

Vilva is included in Sothahara, Arsoghna, Asthapanopaga, Anuvasanopaga gana by Caraka and Varunadi, Ambasthadi, Brhat pancamula by Susruta.
ReferencesReference book　

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[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 1 (Repr.1996), pp 62-66.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 8.

Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
p 214.

Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
p 515.

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Vol I, Ed. I, 1989. Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Dept. of Health, New Delhi
p 27.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
47.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 455-458.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 267.

Research paper*C1 Pal, P. K., Bhattacharya, D. K. and Ghosh, S.; J. Oil Technol. Assoc. India, 25, 55-59 (1993).
*C2 Goel, R. K., Maiti, R. N., Manickam, M. and Ray, A. B.; Indian J. Exp. Biol., 35, 1080-83 (1997).
*C3 Abeysekara, A. M., De Silva, K .T. D., Samarasinghe, S, Seneviratne, P. A. K., Van Den Berg, A. J. J. and Labadie, R. P.; Fitoterapia, 67, 367-70 (1996).
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