Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameNuga
Formal nameNyagrodha
Other names　　　

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Bar (B), Bat, Bargad (H), Aala (K), Peraal (M), Peddmarri (Te), Peraal (Ta)
English nameBanyan Tree
Original plant nameFicus benghalensis Linn., Banyan Tree
Family nameMoraceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification bark
Collection informationDemocratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Ayurveda Cooperation
Collection date1983/02/
TMPW No.1623

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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6.9270786
79.86124300000006
Collection information
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka,Colombo
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Nyagrodha, Banyan Tree
SynonymsBahupada, Raktaphala, Skandhaka, Dvyupasrngi, Visramanilaya, Vata, Yaksavasa, Vanaspati, Ksiri, Vysravanavasa, Srngi, Dhruva, Jatala, Rohini, Avarohi, Vitapi, Skandharuha, Mandali, Mahacchaya, Yaksataru, Padaparohina, Nila, Sipharuha, Danta, Kancana.
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Original plant nameFicus benghalensis Linn.
Family nameMoraceae
Used partBark, Latex, Leaves, Fruits, Aerial root.
Distribution areaOccurs in sub Himalayan forests and South India and naturalised elsewhere. It is common in the low country dry regions of ceylon, upto an altitude of about 2000 feet.
Common usesBark is astringent, cooling, depurative, antiinflammatory, antiarthritis, antidiarrhoeal/antidiarrheal and tonic. It improves complexion and cures burning sensation. An infusion of the bark is used for diarhoea/diarrhea, dysentery, leucorrhoea/leucorrhea, scabies, menorrhagia, nervous disorders, diabetes and ulcers. The milky juice is applied externally on pains, bruises, rheumatism, lumbago and on cracked and inflamed soles of the feet.
Therapeutic usesVisarpa (erysipelas), Daha (burning sensation),Trsna (thirst), Chardi (vomiting), Murccha (loss of consciousness), Pittatisara (diarrhoea/diarrhea due to vitiated Pitta), Vrana (ulcers), Moha (giddiness), Sopha (oedema), Jvara (fever), Vatagulma (a type of gulma).
Pharmacological effectAn alcoholic extract of the stem bark exhibits significant antidiabetic effect when fed to alloxan induced diabetes in albino rats. The extract is also able to bring down the level of serum cholesterol and blood urea. The hypoglycemic activity is attributed to glucoside- bengalenoside and two glycosides of flavonoid compounds leucocyanin derivative (5,3 dimethyl ether of leucocyanidin 3-O- beta-galactosyl cellobioside) and a leucopelagonin rhamnoside). Benalenoside in pure form exhibited double the activity as compared to the crude extract and is half as potent as tolbutamide. The hypoglycemic action observed for the flavonoid compounds may be due to their insulin spectragogue effects. In vitro studies showed that insulin secretion by beta cells is more in presence of pelargonidin derivative than in the presence of leucocyanidin derivative. The glycoside of leucopelargonidin derivative is practically non toxic and may be useful in controlling diabetes with hyperlipidemia.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Kasaya (Astringent)
Virya (Potency)Sita (Cold)
Guna (Quality)Guru (Heavy), Ruksa (Dry)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Sangrahi (constipative), Varnya (improves complexion), Ruksana (dries up), Lekhana (has scraping action).
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha, Pitta
Mala
(Action on excretory mechanism)		Stambhaka (constipative)
Traditional usage1. In diarrhoea/diarrhea, leaf buds of Nyagrodha (Ficus benghalensis), Udumbara (Ficus glomerata) and Asvattha (Ficus religiosa) should be crushed and kept in hot water day and night. With this watery extract ghee should be cooked and taken mixed with half the quantity sugar and one fourth honey.

2. Hanging root of Nyagrodha pounded with cow's butter milk should be taken. It checks acute diarrhoea.

3. Cooled decoction of leaves of Jambu (Syzygium cumini), Amra (mango), Usira, leaf bud and hanging root of Vata (Ficus benghalensis) mixed with honey should be taken. It alleviates vomiting, fever, diarrhoea, fainting and thirst.

4. Leaf bud of Vata, Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa), Madhuka (liquorice) and honey all mixed together should be taken with rice water in order to check vomiting and thirst.

5. In bony growth, paste of Vata latex, Kustha (Saussurea lappa) and Romaka (a type of salt) is applied on the part and bandaged after putting paste of Vata. It alleviates this disorder within a week.

6. Paste of pulp of coconut mixed with tender leaves of Vata should be applied on freckles etc.

7. Similarly leaf bud of Vata and Masura (Lens culinaris) removes freckles etc. and enhances lustre of face.

8. The paste of Vata is good in "Vipadika" (a kind of skin disease).

9. The paste of leaf bud is applied in conjunctivitis and "Arma" (a type of eye disease).

10. Leaf bud of Kasmarya (Gmelina arborea), Vata and Danti (Baliospermum montanum) separately should be used for cooking ghee which is useful in meno - metrorrhagia.

11. Milk processed with Mocarasa (Bombax ceiba) or hanging root or leaf bud of Vata is efficacious in haemorrhage/hemorrhage particularly of the rectal region.

12. Tender leaves of Durva (Cynadon dactylon) and Vata mixed with honey should be taken in intrinsic haemorrhage.

13. Paste of Salmali bark, Bala (Sida retusa) root and tender leaves of Vata should be applied on the wound and the wound should be sprinkled with their decoction.

14. Decoction of Nyagrodha, Udumbara, Asvattha, Kadamba (Anthocephalus cadamba), Plaksa (Ficus spp.), Vetasa (Salix caprea), Karavira (Nerium indicum), Arka (Calotropis procera) and Kutaja (Holarrhena pubescens) are wound healers.

15. Latex of Vata should be applied. It destroys maggots in the wound.

16. Finely powdered camphor mixed with latex of Vata is applied as collyrium which removes corneal opacity.

17. Decoction of Jivanti (Malaxis auminata) or hanging roots of Nyagrodha mixed with ghee alleviates fever with burning sensation.

18. One who passes blood before or after defecation should take milk processed with Nygrodhadi group of plants and mixed with ghee, sugar and honey or the butter should be obtained by churning and it should be taken with buttermilk.

19. "Nyagrodhadi curna" is good in "Prameha" (polyuria).

20. "Nyagrodhadi gana" (a formulation) cleans as well as heals the wounds. Oil or ghee cooked with the same destroys "Bhagandara" (fistula in ano).

21. In fracture, for sprinkling the part, cooled decoction of "Nyagrodhadi gana" should be used. In case of pain, milk processed with Pancamula* (a formulation) should be used.

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Pancamula*, a group of five roots of Salaparni, Prsniparni, Brhati, Kantakari and Goksura, used for the treatment of all major fevers.
FormulationNyagrodhadi curna, Nyaghrodhadi ghrta.
CommentsIt causes constipation, distension of the abdomen and vitiates Vata. Nyagrodha is included under mutrasangrahaniya, kasayaskandha gana by Caraka. Susruta includes it in nyagrodhadi gana. Bhavaprakasa includes it in pancavalkala and ksirivrksa.
ReferencesReference book　

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[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 3 (Repr.1996), pp 20-26.

Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
p 33.

Medicinal plants (Indigenous and exotic) used in Ceylon, Vols. 1-5, 1982. Jayaweera, D.M.A., The National Science Council of Sri Lanka, Colombo
Vol. 4, p 9.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 664-666.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 217.

Last renewal date2024/01/15
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